Sensory processing disorder (SPD), previously known as sensory integration dysfunction, is a condition that affects the processing of multisensory input, leading to challenges in responding appropriately to environmental demands. Individuals with SPD may struggle to process various sensory stimuli such as touch, balance, body awareness, and internal body senses.
Occupational therapist Anna Jean Ayres defined sensory integration as the neurological process that organizes sensation to effectively use the body within the environment. SPD can manifest in difficulties with productivity, leisure, play, and activities of daily living. While some debate exists about whether SPD is a distinct disorder or a set of symptoms, it is often associated with dyspraxia, autism spectrum disorder, and ADHD.
Symptoms of SPD may vary, including over-responsivity, under-responsivity, sensory cravings, and sensory discrimination problems. Research suggests neurological differences in children with SPD compared to typically developing children or those with autism, indicating potential genetic and neurological causes for the condition.
Diagnosing SPD involves comprehensive evaluations using standardized tests, questionnaires, and observation. While occupational therapists commonly diagnose it, other professionals like psychologists and physiotherapists may also assess SPD. Various therapy approaches like sensory integration therapy aim to address sensory processing difficulties and improve functional abilities in daily life.
Although SPD is not a standalone diagnosis in medical manuals like the DSM-5, efforts are ongoing to better understand and address this condition. Research continues to explore the genetic and neurological underpinnings of SPD, aiming to enhance interventions and support for individuals experiencing sensory processing challenges.
Attribution:
This article was summarized and republished from the original source.
Please check the original article here: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory_processing_disorder.